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Autism
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Set-shifting in children with autism spectrum disorders

Reversal shifting deficits on the Intradimensional/Extradimensional Shift Test correlate with repetitive behaviors

Benjamin E. Yerys

Children's National Medical Center, USA, byerys{at}cnmc.org

Gregory L. Wallace

National Institute of Mental Health, USA

Bryan Harrison

Children's National Medical Center, USA

Mark J. Celano

National Institute of Mental Health, USA

Jay N. Giedd

National Institute of Mental Health, USA

Lauren E. Kenworthy

Children's National Medical Center, USA

Research examining set-shifting has revealed significant difficulties for adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, research with high-functioning children with ASDs has yielded mixed results. The current study tested 6- to 13-year-old high-functioning children with ASD and typically developing controls matched on age, gender, and IQ using the Intradimensional/Extradimensional (ID/ED) Shift Test from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Children with ASDs completed as many ED shifts and reversal ED shifts as controls; however, they made significantly more errors than controls while completing the ED reversal shifts. Analyses on a subset of cases revealed a significant positive correlation between ED reversal errors and the number of repetitive behavior symptoms in the ASD group. These findings suggest that high-functioning children with ASDs require additional feedback to shift successfully. In addition, the relationship between set-shifting and non-social symptoms suggests its utility as a potentially informative intermediate phenotype in ASDs.

Key Words: attention • autism • ID/ED shift task • set-shifting

Autism, Vol. 13, No. 5, 523-538 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1362361309335716
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